A coronary angiography (CAG) is a procedure which shows where the arteries are narrowed or blocked. Coronary angiography is performed to those patients who generally come with the symptoms of Angina and chest pain and detect obstruction in the coronary arteries.Angiography is an imaging technique like an X-Ray used to visualize blood flow in the arteries. During an angiogram, contrast substances are injected into the blood to better show how it flows. It helps in diagnosing and treating various medical conditions, especially those that impact the heart.

Balloon angioplasty, also known as PTA, sometimes used in emergency situations, such as during a heart attack, is a minimally invasive procedure done to widen narrowed or obstructed blood vessels by using specially equipped catheter which is inserted into a blood vessel and inflated to widen it and restore blood flow. This is an older technique which is rarely used now days..Primary AngioplastyPrimary angioplasty is a treatment to re-open a blocked coronary artery used on those patients suffers with acute myocardial infarction (Heart attack) and in need of emergency treatment to unblock the coronary artery. Primary angioplasty should be performed as immediately as possible after the symptoms of a heart attack start i.e. a reduction in time to first balloon inflation by 30–40 minutes.It is diagnosed by electrocardiography in the ambulance or nearby hospital, rapid transportation to heart institutes where the 24x7 facility of interventional cardiology of the best available option should be the first priority.During the Procedure Balloon is inflated and blood thinners are given to maintain the patency of stent, when stenting is done it has a profound effect on the performance and results of primary angioplasty both in the acute phase and follow up. The uses of drug-eluting stents are cost-effective by reducing the rate of restenosis. 

IVUS: Known as Intravascular Ultrasound, IVUS is usually recommended to determine the amount of plaque build-up in epicardial coronary artery. A specially designed catheter with a tiny ultrasound probe is attached to computerized ultrasound equipment and gets inserted into the coronary arteries. The IVUS not only provides a complete understanding of the regression and progression of artherosclerotic lesions but it also helps the expert to take stock of hidden plaque or atheroma. This procedure comes in diagnosing patients with restenosis. OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography helps in examining coronary arteries and this procedure offers high resolution of the blocked tubes. It can in fact help the expert doctor in differentiating between fibrous, lipid-rich or calcified plaque. It also provides other detailed information during angioplasty helping the cardiologist to decide upon the type of stent implantation especially in the patients suffering from restenosis.ROTABLATOR:It is most suitable for rigid calcified and long lesions in which stent delivery success is likely to be low. The Rotablator is made of an Olive-shaped burr embedded with microscopic diamond particles in front half rotated on a torque wire. When inserted the abrasive surface of the burr selectively ablates hard calcified plaques. Several burr passes are performed upto30 seconds per each run. IVL (Intravascular Lithotripsy) It’s an advance procedure which minimizes the trauma to vessel wall by giving vaporizing fluid to create an expanding bubble which generates sonic pressure waves.